Systems and methods for dive computers with remote upload capabilities

ABSTRACT

Dive computers incorporating a variety of features are disclosed. One embodiment of the invention includes a dive computer including a microprocessor, memory configured to store a software application, a pressure transducer configured to determine depth information, and a communications device configured to communicate with external devices, wherein the software application configures the microprocessor to create a dive log stored in memory, wherein the dive log includes recorded information including depth of submersion information recorded from the pressure transducer, and transmit the dive log using the communications device.

RELATED CASES

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/733,081, filed Jan. 2, 2013 and issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,443,039, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/465,480, filed May 7, 2012 and issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,013,349, which is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/246,408, filed Oct. 6, 2008 and issued as U.S.Pat. No. 8,174,436, which claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 60/977,749, filed Oct. 5, 2007, and claims priority as acontinuation-in-part to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/170,871,filed Jul. 10, 2008 and now abandoned, which is a divisional of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/264,290, filed Oct. 31, 2005 and nowabandoned. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/264,290 is a continuationof U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/615,635, filed Jul. 8, 2003 andissued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,972,715, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 60/394,982, filed Jul. 8, 2002. Thedisclosures of U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 13/733,081, 13/465,408,12/246,408, 12/170,871, 11/264,290, and 10/615,635 and of U.S.Provisional Patent Applications Nos. 60/977,749 and 60/394,982 arehereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to underwater exploration andmore specifically to apparatus and techniques for determining locationduring a dive.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The development of self-contained breathing systems has enabled humansto dive and remain underwater for several hours. The ability to remainunderwater for an extended period of time can enable divers to reachconsiderable depths and cover expansive distances in exploringunderwater terrain.

A problem commonly encountered by divers is an inability to accuratelylocate position underwater. Position is typically expressed in terms ofthree co-ordinates. The position of a diver underwater can be expressedin terms of a latitude, a longitude, and a depth co-ordinate. Thelatitude and the longitude co-ordinates represent the latitude and thelongitude of a point on the surface of the water directly above thediver. The depth co-ordinate represents the depth of the diver below thesurface of the water. A dive computer similar to a ProPlus 2manufactured by Oceanic Worldwide of San Leandro, Calif. can be used totrack depth during a dive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Dive computers incorporating a variety of features are disclosed. Oneembodiment of the invention includes a dive computer including amicroprocessor, memory configured to store a software application, apressure transducer configured to determine depth information, and acommunications device configured to communicate with external devices,wherein the software application configures the microprocessor to createa dive log stored in memory, wherein the dive log includes recordedinformation including depth of submersion information recorded from thepressure transducer, and transmit the dive log using the communicationsdevice.

In another embodiment of the invention, the dive computer furtherincludes a keypad connected to the microprocessor wherein the recordedinformation includes text data obtained using the keypad.

In an additional embodiment of the invention, the dive computer furtherincludes a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver connected to themicroprocessor, wherein the recorded information includes locationinformation obtained using the GPS receiver.

In yet another additional embodiment of the invention, the dive computerfurther includes a sensor module connected to the microprocessor,wherein the recorded information includes sensor information obtainedusing the sensor module.

In still another additional embodiment of the invention, the sensorinformation is selected from the group consisting of tank air pressure,water pressure, time elapsed, and temperature.

In yet still another additional embodiment of the invention, the divecomputer includes a camera module connected to the microprocessor,wherein the recorded information includes images obtained using thecamera module.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the recorded informationincludes video obtained using the camera module.

In still another embodiment of the invention, the dive computer furtherincludes a microphone connected to the microprocessor, wherein therecorded information includes audio data obtained using the microphone.

In yet still another embodiment of the invention, the dive computerfurther includes a compass connected to the microprocessor, wherein therecorded information includes heading information obtained using thecompass.

In yet another additional embodiment of the invention, the memory isconfigured to store information about a dive site, the dive siteinformation is selected from the group consisting of marine life commonto the dive site, points of interest in the dive site, and maps of thedive site, and the recorded information includes the dive siteinformation.

In still another additional embodiment of the invention, the divecomputer further includes a flow measurement device connected to themicroprocessor, wherein the recorded information includes speedinformation obtained using the flow measurement device.

Yet another embodiment of the invention includes a dive data processingsystem including a microprocessor, memory configured to store a divedata processing application, and a communications device configured toreceive dive logs, wherein the dive data processing applicationconfigures the microprocessor to receive at least one dive log capturedduring at least one dive at a dive site, where the dive log includesrecorded information including depth of submersion information recordedfrom a pressure transducer, process at least one received dive log, anddisplay the processed dive log.

In yet another additional embodiment of the invention, the dive logincludes dive data from at least one dive and the dive data processingapplication further configures the microprocessor to process the divedata, where the processed dive data includes dive data points.

In still another additional embodiment of the invention, the dive dataprocessing application further configures the microprocessor to generatean activity map, where the activity map associates the dive data pointswith a map of the dive site.

In yet still another additional embodiment of the invention, the divedata processing application further configures the microprocessor togenerate a dive profile, where the dive profile included dive datapoints from dive data at least one dive.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the dive data processingapplication further configures the microprocessor to determine diverbehavior information using the processed dive data, determine relevantadvertising information using the diver behavior, and associate therelevant advertising information with the dive data.

In still another embodiment of the invention, the dive data processingapplication further configures the microprocessor to receive a requestto share dive data and transmit the dive data in response to the requestto share dive data.

In yet still another embodiment of the invention, the dive data isassociated with a user of the dive data processing system and the divedata is transmitted to a second user of the dive data processing system,where the second user is separate from the user associated with the divedata.

Still another embodiment of the invention includes a dive computerincluding a microprocessor, memory configured to store a softwareapplication, a pressure transducer configured to determine depthinformation, and a communications device configured to communicate withexternal devices, wherein the software application configures themicroprocessor to create a dive log stored in memory, wherein the divelog includes recorded information including depth of submersioninformation recorded from the pressure transducer and transmit the divelog using the communications device.

In yet another additional embodiment of the invention, the dive computerincludes a keypad connected to the microprocessor, wherein the recordedinformation includes text data obtained using the keypad.

In still another additional embodiment of the invention, the divecomputer includes a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver connectedto the microprocessor, wherein the recorded information includeslocation information obtained using the GPS receiver.

In yet still another additional embodiment of the invention, the divecomputer includes a sensor module connected to the microprocessor,wherein the recorded information includes sensor information obtainedusing the sensor module.

In yet still another additional embodiment of the invention, the sensorinformation is selected from the group including tank air pressure,water pressure, time elapsed, and temperature.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the dive computer includes acamera module connected to the microprocessor, wherein the recordedinformation includes images obtained using the camera module.

In still another embodiment of the invention, the recorded informationincludes video obtained using the camera module.

In yet still another embodiment of the invention, the dive computerincludes a microphone connected to the microprocessor, wherein therecorded information includes audio data obtained using the microphone.

In yet another additional embodiment of the invention, the dive computerincludes a compass connected to the microprocessor, wherein the recordedinformation includes heading information obtained using the compass.

In still another additional embodiment of the invention, the memory isconfigured to store information about a dive site, the dive siteinformation is selected from the group consisting of marine life commonto the dive site, points of interest in the dive site, and maps of thedive site, and the recorded information includes the dive siteinformation.

In yet still another additional embodiment of the invention, the divecomputer includes a flow measurement device connected to themicroprocessor, wherein the recorded information includes speedinformation obtained using the flow measurement device.

Yet another embodiment of the invention includes a dive data processingsystem including a microprocessor, memory configured to store a divedata processing application, and a communications device configured toreceive dive logs, wherein the dive data processing applicationconfigures the microprocessor to receive at least one dive log capturedduring at least one dive at a dive site, where the dive log includesrecorded information including depth of submersion information recordedfrom a pressure transducer, process at least one received dive log, anddisplay the processed dive log.

In yet another additional embodiment of the invention, the dive logincludes dive data from at least one dive and the dive data processingapplication further configures the microprocessor to process the divedata, where the processed dive data includes dive data points.

In still another additional embodiment of the invention, the dive dataprocessing application further configures the microprocessor to generatean activity map, where the activity map associates the dive data pointswith a map of the dive site.

In yet still another additional embodiment of the invention, the divedata processing application further configures the microprocessor togenerate a dive profile, where the dive profile includes dive datapoints from dive data at least one dive.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the dive data processingapplication further configures the microprocessor to determine diverbehavior information using the processed dive data, determine relevantadvertising information using the diver behavior, and associate therelevant advertising information with the dive data.

In still another embodiment of the invention, the dive data processingapplication further configures the microprocessor to receive a requestto share dive data and transmit the dive data in response to the requestto share dive data.

In yet still another embodiment of the invention, the dive data isassociated with a user of the dive data processing system and the divedata is transmitted to a second user of the dive data processing system,where the second user is separate from the user associated with the divedata.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a dive computerin accordance with practice of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method of recording latitude,longitude, depth and time during a dive in accordance with practice ofthe present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method of locating a point ofinterest using data recorded in accordance with practice of the presentinvention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a dive computer including a buoyhaving a GPS receiver antenna that is connected to the dive computer viaa spool of communication cable;

FIG. 5 is a side view of a submerged diver equipped with a dive computerin accordance with the present invention including a buoy that isdeployed at the surface;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a method of recording latitude,longitude, depth and time during a dive in accordance with an embodimentof the present invention that ensures that an automatic measurement oflatitude, longitude and time is made as a dive is commenced;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating a method of recording locations thata diver considers important;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a method of detecting speechcommands in accordance with practice of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a dive computerin accordance with practice of the present invention that includes animpeller and a compass;

FIG. 10A is a side view of a diver equipped with a dive computerattached to an air tank and a wrist mounted display device in accordancewith practice of the present invention;

FIG. 10B is a side view of diver using a dive computer that includes animpeller and a compass that is hose mounted;

FIG. 10C is a side view of diver using a dive computer that includes animpeller and a compass that is wrist mountable;

FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating a method of recording latitude,longitude, depth, time, bearing and water speed during a dive inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11A is a flow chart illustrating a method of estimating the coursetaken by a diver based on GPS measurements and water speed, depth andbearing measurements recorded during the dive;

FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a dive computerin accordance with an embodiment of the invention that includes apressure transducer for measuring air pressure in an air tank;

FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating a process for estimating the rangeof a diver using information concerning air time remaining and waterspeed;

FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of a dive computer in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention that includes a light;

FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of a dive computer and a dive maskwith an audio device in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of a dive computer and a dive maskwith an visual device in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 17 is a side view of a submerged diver equipped with a divecomputer configured to communicate with a communication device at thesurface in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 18 is a flow chart illustrating a method of communication between adive computer and a communication device at the surface in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 19 is a flow chart illustrating a method of communication for adive computer in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 20 is a schematic illustration of a dive computer including amicrophone, speaker, and telephone antenna in accordance with anembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 21 is a conceptual illustration of a dive computer configured toupload data to a remote server in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention; and

FIG. 22 is a flow chart illustrating a method for processing dive datain accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Turning now to the drawings, dive computers in accordance withembodiments of the invention are illustrated. The dive computers makeand record at least measurements of time, depth, and pressure. Thesemeasurements allow the dive computers to calculate whether a diver isascending or descending at a safe rate and whether the diver needs tomake decompression stops. The dive computers also specify the durationof the decompression stops, if they are needed. The dive computerdisplay makes all of this information available to the diver visually.Calculations involving these measurements by the dive computer canindicate the need for warnings to the diver. Warnings to the diver canbe based on air time remaining, unsafe rate of descent or ascent,decompression, or pressure. Warnings can appear on the display of thedive computer. Warnings can also be indicated to the diver by somevisual display other than the display on the dive computer and/oraurally. In several embodiments, divers waiting underwater fordecompression stops or for other reasons can play video and/or audiocontent stored in connection with the dive computer. In this way, adiver who is waiting for any period of time can watch a movie or listento music while waiting.

The dive computers make and record at least three significant sets ofmeasurements, which enable the estimation of the location of points ofinterest underwater and the path traveled by a diver during a dive. Thefirst set of measurements typically includes measurements of latitude,longitude, and time immediately prior to the commencement of a dive. Thesecond set of measurements can be generated by periodically measuringdepth and time during a dive. The third set of measurements can becompiled by measuring latitude, longitude, and time immediately uponresurfacing from a dive. Following a dive, an estimation of location ata specified time during the dive using these three sets of measurementscan be made by using a number of techniques in accordance with practiceof the present invention. In several embodiments, the accuracy of theestimation can be increased by including measurements of speed andbearing in the second set of measurements.

Turning now to FIG. 1, a dive computer in accordance with practice ofthe present invention is illustrated. The dive computer 10 includes aprocessor 12 that is connected to memory 14, a GPS receiver 16, clockcircuitry 18, and an input/output interface 20. The input/outputinterface 20 is connected to a number of devices that can be used tocommunicate with a user or other devices. In a variety of embodiments,these devices include a pressure transducer 22, a keypad 24, a display26, a communications port 28, and a microphone 30. A digital camera 32is also provided as an input device; however, the digital camerabypasses the microprocessor and is connected directly to the memory 14.

The processor 12 receives information from the GPS receiver 16, theclock circuitry 18, and the input/output interface 20 and selectivelystores the information in memory 14. In a variety of embodiments, theprocessor is implemented using a MSP430F149 manufactured by TexasInstruments Incorporated of Dallas, Tex. However, the processor could beimplemented using other microprocessors, discrete logic componentsand/or several separate processing elements that share information.

The memory 14 can be used to store data logged by the dive computer 10,to temporarily store information during the performance of calculationsand to store software used to control the operation of the processor 12.The memory 14 need not be a single integrated circuit and can beconstructed from a number of integrated circuits having distinctproperties. In the illustrated embodiment, the memory 14 includesnon-volatile memory circuits 34 to store software for controlling theprocessor 12, manufacturer settings, user settings, and calibrationdata. In addition, the memory 14 also includes a removable memory device36 that is used to store data logged during a dive such as images, adive profile, dive logs, GPS logs, and/or audio recordings. One aspectof using a removable memory device is that individual dives can belogged on separate removable memory devices and the removable memorydevices used as a method of storing the logged data remote from the divecomputer. In other embodiments, multimedia such as movies and/or musiccan be loaded into the dive computer for viewing via the removablememory. In many embodiments, the removable memory contains informationconcerning a dive site such as marine life common to the area, points ofinterest and/or maps. In embodiments that use a MSP430F149 processor orequivalent processor device, the non-volatile memory included on theprocessor chip can be used to implement the non-volatile memory circuits34 and the removable memory device can be implemented using aSDMB-128-768 128 MB MultiMedia Card manufactured by SanDisk ofSunnyvale, Calif. In other embodiments, memory devices of various sizes,volatility and portability can be used depending on the softwarerequirements of the system and the data logging requirements of theuser. For example, the removable memory device can be replaced by asimilar sized fixed memory device such as an AT2508N-10SI-1.8manufactured by Atmel Corporation of San Jose, Calif. or an equivalentmemory device.

The GPS receiver 16 utilizes signals broadcast from satellites to makecalculations of latitude and longitude. The GPS receiver provides thelatitude and longitude information to the processor, which isresponsible for the processing and storage of the information. In avariety of embodiments, the GPS receiver is implemented using aGeoHelix-H GPS antenna manufactured by Sarantel Ltd. of Wellingborough,United Kingdom. In other embodiments, other GPS receiver technologies,such as an Embedded 3.3V GPS Antenna in conjunction with an M-LocJ MPMmodule both manufactured by Trimble Navigation Limited of Sunnyvale,Calif., can be used that are capable of providing information to theprocessor generating latitude and longitude co-ordinates.

The clock circuitry 18 can be used to measure the passage of time.Typically the clock circuitry 18 will incorporate a quartz crystal thatis used to generate a periodic signal that can be observed in order tomeasure the passage of time. The clock circuitry 18 can also besynchronized with an external clock to enable time to be expressed inabsolute terms using a time, a day, a month and a year. In a variety ofembodiments the clock circuitry is part of the MSP430F149microcontroller described above. In other embodiments, the absolute timecan be obtained using the GPS receiver 16.

The input/output interface 20 can be constructed from any variety ofwires, antennas, transmitters, receivers, connectors, and buffers. Theconfiguration of the input/output interface 20 is dependent on theinput/output devices that are connected to the dive computer. In theembodiment shown in FIG. 1, the input/output devices include a pressuretransducer, a keypad, a display, a communications port, and amicrophone. In other embodiments, any other combination of input/outputdevices can be connected to the dive computer via the input/outputinterface. In a variety of embodiments, the portion of the input/outputinterface connected to the pressure transducer includes a standardanalog to digital converter. In addition, the input/output interfaceuses a display driver such as an S6B33A1 manufactured by Samsung ofSeoul, South Korea to connect to segment display 26 and a CS53L32A HighSpeed Analog to Digital converter manufactured by Cirrus Logic, Inc. ofAustin, Tex. to connect to the microphone 30.

The pressure transducer 22 can be used to measure the pressure of thewater in which the dive computer is immersed. In a variety ofembodiments a 17887.A Low Pressure Transducer manufactured by PelagicPressure Systems of San Leandro, Calif. can be used to construct thepressure transducer 22. In other embodiments, other circuits capable ofgenerating an electrical signal indicative of the water pressure inwhich the dive computer is immersed can be used.

A keypad 24 is typically provided to enable the user to enterinformation concerning the dive or to direct the processor 12 to providethe user with information. In a variety of embodiments, the keypad 24includes one or more buttons that can be used to tag the location of theuser as a point of interest. As will be explained in greater detailbelow, the tagged location can be subsequently retrieved from the memory14 of the dive computer 10. In other embodiments, the keypad 24 caninclude one or more buttons, toggles, joysticks, or equivalent deviceswith which the user can provide instructions to the processor 12.

A display 26 is typically provided to present information in a graphicalmanner to the user. Information that can be provided to the userincludes a recent GPS reading, depth, and/or time. If the dive computer10 performs other functions, information relating to these functions canalso be communicated using the display 26.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that the connection of keypads 24and displays 26 to dive computers 10 is well known and any number ofpossible configurations, devices and circuitry could be used toestablish a connection between these devices and the processor 12.

The communications port 28 is provided to enable the transfer ofinformation between the dive computer 10 and other devices. In a varietyof embodiments, the communications port 28 is an Integrated Low ProfileTransceiver Module IrDA standard such as the TFDU4100 manufactured byVishay Semiconductor, Inc. of Malvern, Pa. In other embodiments, otherwired or wireless connections and protocols can be used to communicatewith external devices. The transfer of information via thecommunications port 28 enables the movement of data and new softwarebetween the dive computer 10 and other devices. In a variety ofembodiments, dive information stored in the dive computer memory 14 canbe loaded onto a personal computer and stored, graphed or manipulated.In addition, information from a previous dive stored on an externaldevice can be loaded into the memory 14 of the dive computer forreference during a subsequent dive or information stored within the divecomputer can be manipulated by external devices.

The microphone 30 is provided to enable the audio annotation of datalogged by the dive computer 10. The annotations can be made before,during or after a dive by making a digital recording of the words spokenby the user and associating them with a particular dive or withparticular tagged locations. In other embodiments, automatic speechrecognition could be used to generate textual annotations. The additionof automatic speech recognition technology would also enable the divecomputer to respond to audible instructions from the user. In a varietyof embodiments, the microphone 30 can be a MAB-06A-B manufactured byStar Micronics Company, Ltd. of Edison, N.J. As described above, theinput/output interface 20 can include an analog-to-digital converter forconnection to the microphone. The analog-to-digital converter can samplethe analog signal generated by the microphone 30 and generate a digitalrepresentation of the analog signal. In a variety of embodiments, theanalog-to-digital converter samples the signal from the microphone 30 ata rate of 8 kHz and uses 28 quantization levels to represent the signal.In other embodiments, other sampling rates and a different number ofquantization levels can be used as is appropriate.

In embodiments where automatic speech recognition is used, the processor12 or a discrete device in the input/output interface 20 can convert thedigital representations of the signals from the microphone 30 to text orcommands using hidden Markov models, neural networks, hybrid neuralnetwork/hidden Markov models or other speech modeling or recognitiontechniques. In a variety of embodiments, speech recognition is performedusing a RSC-4× Speech Recognition Microcontroller manufactured bySensory, Inc. of Santa Clara, Calif.

The digital camera 32 is provided to enable the capture of images duringa dive and to enable the use of these images as part of a dive log ifdesired by the user. The digital camera can be implemented using a lensand an array of charge coupled devices both of which are containedwithin the waterproof dive computer housing. In a variety ofembodiments, the digital camera is implemented using a MB86S02A CMOSsensor manufactured by Fujitsu Microelectronics America, Inc. ofSunnyvale, Calif. to capture image information and a MCF5307 DirectMemory Access Controller manufactured by Motorola, Inc. of Schaumburg,Ill. to transfer the image information directly to the memory 14. Inother embodiments, any circuitry capable of capturing a digital imagecan be used to obtain image information and store it in memory eithervia direct memory access or using the processor 12 in combination withthe input/output interface 22.

Other input or output devices in addition to those described above canbe connected to a dive computer in accordance with the presentinvention. In a variety of embodiments speakers are connected to theinput/output interface to enable the playback of recorded speech or toallow a diver to listen to music during a dive. In other embodiments,other combinations of devices can be used to meet the informationrequirements and data recording requirements of a diver during a dive.

Turning now to FIG. 2, a method 40 of recording information during adive that enables estimation of position in accordance with anembodiment of the invention is illustrated. The method includes taking(42) a first GPS measurement, which is performed prior to descending(44) below the surface. Once below the surface, depth and time areperiodically measured (46). After ascending (48) to the surface, asecond GPS measurement is taken (50).

If data is logged during a dive in accordance with the method 40, thenposition during the dive can be estimated. If the user tags a particularlocation during a dive as being of interest, then the user can use thedata logged in accordance with the method 40 shown in FIG. 2 tosubsequently locate the point of interest.

Turning now to FIG. 3, a method of locating a previously identifiedpoint of interest using data logged in accordance with practice of thepresent invention is illustrated. The method 60 includes calculating(62) the duration of the recorded dive, calculating (64) the time thatwas taken to reach the identified point of interest from the start pointof the dive and determining (66) a straight line ‘L’ between the startpoint of the dive and the end point of the dive. Once these functionshave been performed, a value ‘A’ is then calculated (68), which is equalto the length of the line ‘L’ multiplied by the time taken to reach thepoint of interest and divided by the duration of the dive. The value ‘A’is then used to locate (70) a point ‘P’, which is a distance ‘A’ fromthe start point of the dive along the line ‘L’.

Once the point ‘P’ has been identified, a diver can travel (72) to thelatitude and longitude of point ‘P’ and commence a dive. The diver canthen enter the water and descend (74) to the recorded depth of the pointof interest. At this depth, the point of interest can be located bysearching (76) outwardly while attempting to maintain the recorded depthof the point of interest. The depth of a point of interest isparticularly important in relocating that point. The co-ordinatescalculated as the latitude and longitude of a point of interest usingdata collected by a dive computer in accordance with the practice of thepresent invention are simply estimates that place a diver in thevicinity of the point of interest. The knowledge of the depth at whichthe point of interest is located enables the diver to perform anexpanding search in the plane of that depth. Without this information, adiver could be forced to search in three dimensions instead of two. Theadvantages of knowing a depth co-ordinate are increased when the pointof interest forms part of the topography of the sea floor. A diver canrapidly locate such a point of interest by simply descending to therecorded depth of the point of interest and then searching outwardlyfrom the point of descent until a portion of the sea bed is encounteredat the recorded depth of the point of interest. By following thetopography of the sea bed at the depth of the point of interest, thediver has a high likelihood of rapidly relocating the point of interest.

The method 60 illustrated in FIG. 3 can use data recorded in accordancewith the method 40 shown in FIG. 2. The time recorded at the beginningof the dive and the time recorded at the end of the dive can be used tocalculate (62) the duration of the dive. Likewise, the time at thebeginning of the dive and the time recorded at the point of interest canbe used to calculate (64) the time taken to reach the point of interest.The latitude and longitude co-ordinates at the beginning of the dive andthe latitude and longitude co-ordinates at the end of the dive can beused to generate the line ‘L’ (68) and the times calculated above can beused to locate the estimated latitude and longitude of the point ofinterest as described above.

Other techniques can be used to locate a point of interest using datarecorded in accordance with embodiments of the invention. In a varietyof embodiments, the logged data can be used to return to a point ofinterest by commencing the second dive at the latitude and longitude ofwhichever of the start and end points of the earlier dive was closest tothe point of interest. The diver can then travel towards the other ofthe start and end points. The point of interest can then be located bytraveling in this direction at the recorded depth of the point ofinterest for a time approximating the time it took to travel to thepoint of interest during the previous dive.

If a diver seeks to be able to return to a point of interest with a highdegree of accuracy on subsequent dives, then the diver is advised toascend to the surface at the point of interest. The dive computer 10 canthen make a GPS measurement and the diver can be confident thatreturning to the recorded latitude and longitude and descending to therecorded depth will enable rapid location of the point of interest.

An alternative to ascending to the surface is to use the dive computer10′ illustrated in FIG. 4 that includes a compass 70 and a GPS antenna72 mounted on a buoy 74, which is connected to the other components ofthe dive computer 75 via a spool 76 of communication cable 78. In otherembodiments, a wireless connection is used between the spool and theother components of the dive computer. When a diver wishes to take ameasurement of latitude and longitude at a point of interest, the buoyis released. At the surface, the antenna can receive the satellitesignals required to measure latitude and longitude. These signals arethen conveyed to the GPS receiver via the communications cable. In otherembodiments, additional components such as the entire GPS receiver canbe included in the buoy. In a variety of embodiments the spool is anAR-05 manufactured by Saekodive of Taiwan.

Displacement of the buoy relative to the position of the diver isillustrated in FIG. 5. The displacement of the buoy 74 relative to aposition “P” directly above the diver can be calculated usingPythagoras' theorem by measuring the length of communication cable 78released from the spool 76 and the depth of the diver. The length ofcommunication cable released can be measured using markings on the cable78 and entered in the dive computer manually or via voice command.Alternatively an external line counter could be used that communicatesto the processor of the dive computer via a wireless or wired link. Thedepth of the diver can be measured using the dive computer in the mannerdescribed above. The direction of the displacement can be determinedusing a compass bearing of the cable relative to the diver.

Embodiments of the dive computer in accordance with practice of thepresent invention can enable automatic recording of latitude andlongitude immediately prior to the dive computer 10 descending below thesurface of the water and immediately upon returning to the surface.Turning now to FIG. 6, a method in accordance with practice of thepresent invention for automatically recording the latitude, longitude,and time prior to commencing a dive and upon surfacing from a dive isillustrated. The method 90 includes making (92) and storing (94)measurements of latitude, longitude and time using a GPS receiver. Theprocess of measuring latitude, longitude, and time with the GPS receiverand storing the values continues until the diver descends below thesurface and the answer to the decision (96) of whether the diver hasdescended below the surface becomes affirmative.

Once the diver is below the surface, measurements (98) of depth and timeare made and the measurements are recorded (100) in the memory of thedive computer. The measurement and recording of depth and time continuesfor as long as the diver remains below the surface and until the answerto the decision (102) of whether the diver has surfaced is affirmative.Once the diver has surfaced, a measurement (104) of latitude, longitude,and time is made and the measurement is recorded.

The method 90 described in FIG. 6 can ensure that the measurement storedat the commencement of the dive is the most recent measurement oflatitude, longitude and time that has been made by the GPS receiver 16and dive computer 10. In addition, the method 90 enables periodicmeasurement of depth and time during the dive and the rapid recording oflatitude, longitude and time when the diver resurfaces. In otherembodiments, the logging of latitude, longitude, and time can beinitiated in response to user input.

The method 90 shown in FIG. 6 can be modified to enable the diver toidentify points of interest during the dive. Turning now to FIG. 7, amethod in accordance with the practice of the present invention ofidentifying points of interest during a dive is illustrated. The method110 is performed while the diver is under water. The method 110 cancommence with the measurement (112) of depth and time. Once ameasurement of depth and time has been made, the measurements arerecorded (114). Prior to making another measurement of depth and time, acheck is made (116) for any user input. If user input is detected, thenthe previous or next depth and time measurements are identified (118) asa point of interest.

In addition to identifying points of interest, it is desirable to beable to associate information with a point of interest. One advantageousmethod of providing inputs to a dive computer 10 is through the use of amicrophone, as is described above. Speech commands can be used tocontrol the function of the dive computer and speech can be eitherrecorded or converted to text in order to provide description orannotation to a point of interest. In embodiments where speech can berecorded, the recording of speech can be initiated by the pressing of abutton on the keypad 24 or by a voice command recognizable by the divecomputer. In a variety of embodiments, the microphone is containedwithin a full face mask enabling speech to be recorded underwater. Inother embodiments, more than one microphone is included so that a divercan record speech using a first microphone and underwater sounds orenvironmental noise using a second microphone. In embodiments of thedive computer 10 that include a digital camera 32, one or more stillimages or a series of still images forming a video sequence can berecorded and associated with a point of interest.

Turning now to FIG. 8, a method in accordance with practice of thepresent invention is illustrated for responding to voice commands. Themethod 130 includes listening (132) for sound. Once sound is detected, adecision (134) is performed to determine if a “voice spotting” sound hasbeen detected. A “voice spotting” sound is a spoken word such as“computer” that can indicate that a user is preparing to speak a commandto a dive computer 10.

If the “voice spotting” sound is detected, then the method involveslistening (136) for a command. A dive computer 10 in accordance withpractice of the present invention will typically have a library ofcommands each requiring different responses from the processor 12. If asound is heard, then a decision (138) is performed to determine whetherthe sound corresponds to one of the commands recognized by the divecomputer 10. If a command is recognized, then a response is made (140)to the command. Once the response is complete, the process 130 returnsto listening (132) for sound to await the next command.

The method 130 described above uses a “voice spotting” technique. Inother embodiments, “voice spotting” is not required. The speechrecognition performed in “voice spotting” and detecting commands can beeither discrete or continuous recognition. The speech recognition canalso be either speaker dependent or speaker independent. In embodimentswhere annotation of points of interest can be performed, a speechcommand can cause the processor to begin digitally recording speech andto associate the recording with a particular point of interest. In otherembodiments, other forms of user input can be used to identify a pointof interest and to commence the digital recording of speech.Alternatively, a command can cause the processor to convert a passage ofspeech to text using speech recognition techniques and to associate thetext with a point of interest that can be identified using speechcommands or using an alternative user input technique.

As was observed above, latitude, longitude, and time measurements madein accordance with practice of the present invention can be used toestimate the latitude and longitude of a point of interest. The accuracyof this estimate can be affected by currents and the variation in thespeed at which the diver traveled during the dive. The accuracy of theestimated latitude and longitude of a point of interest can be improvedin accordance with the practice of the present invention by takingmeasurements of water speed and bearing as is discussed below.

A dive computer 10″ in accordance with the practice of the presentinvention including an impeller and a compass is illustrated in FIG. 9.The dive computer 10″ is similar to the dive computer 10 illustrated inFIG. 1, but with the addition that an impeller 150 and a compass 152 areconnected to the processor via the input/output interface. Impellers aredevices that generate signals that can be used to measure the flow rateof a liquid or the water speed of the dive computer. By attaching animpeller equipped dive computer to a diver, the output of the impellercan be used to measure the speed at which the diver is moving throughwater and the compass can be used to provide signals to the processorindicative of the direction in which the diver is moving. In a varietyof embodiments, a 3000 impeller manufactured by Nielsen-Kellerman ofChester, Pa., in conjunction with a receiver coil connected to a counterthat can be used to implement the impeller and a HMC 1055 3-axismagnetic sensor manufactured by Honeywell International of Morristown,N.J., that can be used to implement the compass. In other embodimentsother types of flow measurement devices can be used to measure waterspeed.

A diver equipped with a dive computer in accordance with the presentinvention is illustrated in FIG. 10A. The dive computer 160 isimplemented as two discrete components 162 and 164. The first component164 is worn around the wrist of the diver and includes all of thecomponents of the dive computer 10″ illustrated in FIG. 10A except forthe impeller and the compass. The impeller and the compass are locatedin a second component 162 that is fixed to an air tank worn 166 by thediver. In the illustrated embodiment, the two components communicate viaa wireless communications link. In other embodiments, the two componentscan communicate via a wired communications link. In a variety ofembodiments, a flow measurement device can be mounted on a variety ofcomponents, such as on the wrist of the diver and/or the dive computer160.

While embodiments shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10A include an impeller and acompass, embodiments of the present invention where the parts of thedive computer are distributed between multiple self-contained componentsneed not include an impeller or a compass. In a variety of embodiments,the GPS receiver can be located within a first self-contained componentthat is attached to the tank, second stage, or thereabouts, and theremaining parts of the dive computer can be located within a secondself-contained watch-like component attached to the diver's wrist orother appropriate part of the diver's body. In several embodiments, thedive computer includes multiple self-contained components that arecapable of exchanging information and the parts of the dive computer aredistributed between the multiple self-contained components.

In a variety of embodiments, the dive computer can be contained in asingle self-contained watch-like unit that is attachable to the diver'swrist or another appropriate part of the diver's body. In manyembodiments, the display, keypad, and microphone can be located in afirst self-contained watch-like component attached to the diver's wristor other appropriate part of the diver's body and remaining parts of thedive computer can be located within a second self-contained componentattached to the tank, second stage, or thereabouts. In any of theembodiments which involve the dive computer implemented in separatecomponents, the components can communicate via a wired or wirelesscommunication link. In a variety of embodiments, the wirelesscommunication link is implemented using radio frequency communication.In a variety of embodiments, the wireless communication link isimplemented using piezoelectric communication. In many embodiments, thewireless communication link is implemented using magnetic fields.

Returning to embodiments including an impeller and compass, typically adiver is fully extended while swimming and fixing the impeller in adirection parallel to the long axis 168 of the diver as the diver swimsprovides an accurate measurement of the speed of the diver. In addition,mounting the compass so that the bearing measurement is made along aline parallel to the long axis of the diver also enables an accuratemeasurement of bearing to be made. In order accurately align theimpeller and compass, it is desirable that the impeller and the compassbe fixed to maintain a position relative to the body of the diverthroughout the dive. Therefore, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG.10A the impeller and the compass are fixed to the air tank 166 andaligned to be approximately parallel to the long axis 168 of the body ofthe diver, when the diver is fully extended.

In other embodiments, the impeller and the compass can be fixed to otherlocations on the body or equipment of a diver. In many embodiments, thecompass and impeller are included in a single unit with the othercomponents of the dive computer and the position of the impeller and thecompass can be controlled by the diver. A diver can use such a divecomputer in accordance with the present invention to take instantaneouscurrent readings, to use instantaneous speed calculations to calculaterange based on air time remaining (see discussion below) or for anyother application where an instantaneous measurement of speed can beuseful. An example of a hose mounted dive computer 10″ including animpeller and a compass is illustrated in FIG. 10B and an example ofwrist mountable dive computer 10″ including an impeller and a compass isillustrated in FIG. 10C. In several embodiments, accelerometer are usedeither in combination with an impeller or as a substitute for animpeller in order to make distance and velocity measurements.

A method of recording data in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention is shown in FIG. 11. The method 40′ is similar to the method40 illustrated in FIG. 2, with the difference that the periodicmeasurements of depth and time are supplemented with periodicmeasurements of bearing and water speed.

Assuming there is insignificant current, the measurements obtained usingthe process illustrated in FIG. 11 provides a complete map of the coursetaken by a diver. The starting latitude and longitude locations providethe origin of the course and the path followed by the diver can bedetermined using the water speed, bearing, and depth and timeinformation. Factors such as drift current can be accounted for byscaling the course to ensure that it terminates at the location wherethe diver surfaced, as measured using the GPS receiver. This scaling canbe performed by the dive computer or by an external device thatmanipulates data provided by the dive computer. Drift currents can alsobe compensated for using measurements made by configurations ofaccelerometers.

In a variety of embodiments, the process illustrated in FIG. 11A is usedto adjust or scale the course obtained using recorded water speed andbearing measurements in response to the latitude and longitudemeasurements obtained at the origin and termination of a dive. Theprocess 170 includes defining (172) a planar co-ordinate system at theorigin of the dive using the co-ordinates x, y and z, where z representsthe depth dimension. Calculating (174) position co-ordinates relative tothe origin of the path taken during the dive using the water speed,depth and bearing data. Determining (176) position co-ordinates of thetermination point of the dive based on the water speed, depth andbearing data. Determining (178) position co-ordinates of the terminationpoint of the dive based on the GPS receiver measurements of latitude andlongitude. Calculating (180) the scaling factors that the x and yco-ordinates of the termination point determined using the water speed,depth, and bearing data can be multiplied by in order to obtain the xand y co-ordinates of the termination point determined using the GPSreceiver measurements of latitude and longitude. An estimate of the pathtaken during the dive is then obtained (182) by scaling the x and yco-ordinates of the points in the path determined using the recordedwater speed, depth and bearing measurements by the calculated scalingfactors. The estimated path can then be output (184) in terms oflatitude, longitude, and depth by mapping the co-ordinates of the pathfrom the planar co-ordinate system that was defined relative to theorigin of the dive to latitude, longitude, and depth co-ordinates.

An embodiment of a dive computer in accordance with the presentinvention that incorporates pressure transducers in order to measure airtime remaining is illustrated in FIG. 12. The dive computer 10″ includesa pressure transducer 200 that measures air pressure inside an air tank.In a variety of embodiments, the pressure transducer 200 is implementedusing a high pressure sensor such as an 18519.A manufactured by PelagicPressure Systems of San Leandro, Calif. Air pressure measurements can beconverted into air time remaining statistics in accordance with themethods described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,586,136 to Lewis and U.S. Pat. No.6,543,444 to Lewis, both of which are incorporated herein by referencein its entirety.

Knowledge of the water speed of the diver and the change in air timeremaining can be used to generate useful information for a diver such asan estimation of the range that a diver can travel with the airremaining in the tanks of the diver. A process for calculating anestimation of range based on the air available to a diver is illustratedin FIG. 13. The process 220 includes recording speed over apredetermined period of time (222) and then calculating the averagespeed during that period of time (224). Once the average speed has beencalculated, the air time remaining is calculated (226). The air timeremaining calculation can be used in combination with the average speedcalculation to predict the range of the diver at current exertionlevels. In other embodiments, the air time remaining can be adjusted toreserve sufficient air to allow the diver to return to the surface fromthe depth at which the diver is located without significant risk ofdecompression sickness.

Underwater light levels can be low and consequently visibility can bedifficult. Thus, a light can be helpful in illuminating a diver'ssurroundings and/or reading the dive computer. An embodiment of a divecomputer in accordance with the present invention that incorporates alight is illustrated in FIG. 14. The dive computer 10.14 includes alight 230.14, a light sensor 232.14, a global positioning system (GPS)receiver 16.14, a digital camera 32.14, a memory 14.14, an input/outputinterface 20.14, a keypad 24.14, a display 26.14, a communications port28.14, a microphone 30.14, a pressure transducer 22.14, and a processor12.14. The processor is connected to the light, light sensor, GPSreceiver, memory, and input/output interface. The input/output interfaceis connected to the keypad, display, communications port, microphone,and pressure transducer. The memory is connected to the digital camera.

In a variety of embodiments, the light can illuminate the dive computerwhen the diver presses a button on the keypad and/or automatically whenthe light sensor indicates the need for the light. The light sensor canmeasure the ambient light underwater. In many embodiments, the light ora backlight illuminates the dive computer display. In severalembodiments, the light includes one or more light emitting diodes(LEDs). In other embodiments, the light is configured so that the divecomputer can act as a flashlight.

In many embodiments, the processor uses a signal generated by the lightsensor to determine whether to activate the light. For instance, if itis dark underwater, the output generated by the light sensor is below apredetermined threshold, therefore, the processor turns the backlighton. If the signal indicates that there is a sufficient level of ambientlight, then the processor can respond by keeping the backlight off andpreserving the dive computer battery.

During a dive, a diver's attention is often drawn away from the displayof his/her dive computer. Therefore, a period of time typically elapsesbetween the display of a warning by a dive computer and the point intime at which the warning is observed by a diver. Examples of warningsthat can be generated by a dive computer include air time remainingfalling below a predetermined threshold and/or a rate of ascension thatis incompatible with safe decompression. An embodiment of a divecomputer and dive mask with an audio device in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 15. Theunderwater audio system includes a dive computer 10.15, a dive mask240.15, and a communication channel 244.15. The dive computer includes aprocessor 12.15, an input/output interface 20.15, and a communicationsport 28.15. The dive mask 240.15 includes an audio device 242.15. Thecommunication channel 244.15 is connected to the communications port28.15 of the dive computer 10.15 and the audio device 242.15 within thedive mask 240.15. The input/output interface 20.15 is connected to theprocessor 12.15 and the communications port 28.15.

In operation, the dive computer can play audio content or sound awarning on the audio device via the communications channel. In a varietyof embodiments, the audio device can be connected to the communicationsport by a wire. In many embodiments, the audio device can be connectedto the communications port wirelessly. In a variety of embodiments,wireless communication can be achieved using a communication system thatcomplies with the Bluetooth, or IEEE 802.15.1, standard. In manyembodiments, wireless communication can be achieved using one or morepiezoelectric devices. In yet another embodiment, the wirelesscommunication link can be implemented using magnetic fields.

In many embodiments, the user of the dive computer can specify whichwarnings will be sent to the audio device by programming the divecomputer. In many embodiments, the audio device can be a pair ofspeakers that are placed in close proximity to the users' ears withinthe diving mask, or earphones. In many embodiments, the audio device canbe a single speaker. In several embodiments, the speakers can be locatedin proximity to the user's ears while outside of the diving mask. Inmany embodiments, the dive computer can alert the diver about low airsupply, decompression requirements, or any other type of warning usingthe audio device. The processor can receive signals from sensorsindicating tank air pressure, water pressure, time elapsed, temperatureor other sensor measurements. The processor can use the received signalsto determine which warnings to present to the diver. One set of warningscan be presented to the diver by default. Another set of warnings can bepresented after the dive computer is programmed by the diver.

Warning indicators can also be provided to a diver visually. Anembodiment of a dive computer and dive mask with a visual device inaccordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 16. Theunderwater multimedia system includes a dive computer 10.16, a dive mask240.16, and a communications channel 244.16. The dive computer includesa processor 12.16, an input/output interface 20.16, and a communicationsport 28.16. The dive mask 240.16 includes a visual device 250.16. Thecommunication channel 244.16 is connected to the communications port28.16 of the dive computer 10.16 and the visual device 250.16 within thedive mask 240.16. The input/output interface 20.16 is connected to theprocessor 12.16 and the communications port 28.16.

In operation, the dive computer can activate visual warnings on thevisual device via the communications channel. In a variety ofembodiments, the visual device can be connected to the communicationport by a wire. In many embodiments, the visual device can be connectedto the communication port wirelessly. In a variety of embodiments,wireless communication can be achieved using a communication system thatcomplies with the Bluetooth, or IEEE 802.15.1, standard. In manyembodiments, wireless communication can be achieved using one or morepiezoelectric devices. In several embodiments, the user of the divecomputer can specify which warnings will be sent to the visual device byprogramming the dive computer. In many embodiments, the visual devicecan include LEDs that are visually noticeable by the diver. In otherembodiments, the visual device can be any visual indicator capable ofcatching the attention of the diver when activated. In many embodiments,the dive computer can alert the diver about low air supply,decompression requirements, or any other warning using the visualdevice.

Divers often remain at certain depths for relatively long periods oftime for reasons related to decompression. As a diver is waiting, thediver can pass the time by listening to music or watching video storedon the dive computer. A dive computer with a display in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1. Thedive computer 10 includes a processor 12, a memory 14, an input/outputinterface 20, and a display 26, among the other items discussed withFIG. 1 above. The processor is connected to the memory and theinput/output device. The input/output device is connected to thedisplay.

In operation, the dive computer can play video content by request of thediver. In many embodiments, the memory can be loaded with audio and/orvideo content. The diver can direct the dive computer to play videocontent using the keypad. The dive computer can respond by showing thestored video on the display. The diver can also listen to the audiocontent associated with the video content using earphones (seediscussion above). In many embodiments, the video is stored in a portionof the memory 14 that is implemented using FLASH memory and/or a harddisk drive. In several embodiments, the video is encoded in a compressedformat that includes information enabling synchronization of the videowith an accompanying audio track. In a variety of embodiments, theprocessor is configured with software to decode the audio and/or video.In other embodiments, the video and/or audio are decoded using a decoderthat is implemented in hardware.

In several embodiments, the dive computer is configured to enable a userto upload or download video or audio content to the memory. In a varietyof embodiments, content can be loaded externally on a removable memorydevice. The removable memory device can then be connected to the divecomputer and the content accessed by a diver. In a variety ofembodiments, the memory capacity can be large enough to accommodate morethan three hours of video content. Three hours of capacity can allow forstorage of a movie, television show, or collection of music. In otherembodiments, the memory capacity can be large enough to suit whateverstorage requirements a diver might have.

In a number of embodiments, the video is stored in a format thatincludes information restricting access to the video and the processor12 is configured to decode the video in accordance with digital rightsgranted with respect to the video. A group of embodiments storeinformation indicative of digital rights in the memory 14. In a numberof embodiments, the digital rights are stored in an encrypted form.

A user can also direct the dive computer to play audio content using thekeypad. In many embodiments, the audio content is digital music. Inseveral embodiments, the audio content is stored in a compressed format.In a number of embodiments, the audio is stored in a format thatincludes information restricting access to the audio, and the processor12 is configured to decode the audio in accordance with digital rightsgranted with respect to the audio. A group of embodiments storeinformation indicative of digital rights in the memory 14. In a numberof embodiments, the digital rights are stored in an encrypted form.

Often long decompression stops are required at multiple depths leaving adiver to wait underwater for hours. As such, submerged divers often havea desire to communicate with people or computers on the surface. FIG. 17is a side view of a submerged diver equipped with a dive computerconfigured to communicate with a communication device at the surface inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Thecommunication system includes a dive computer 10.17, a communicationcable 252, and a communication device 250 located above the surface ofthe water. The communication cable 252 includes a light 254, a weight256, an underwater connector 258 and a second connector (not shown)capable of being connected to a computer or other communication deviceabove the surface. The dive computer 10.17 includes a keyboard (notshown), a communication port (not shown) capable of being connected withthe underwater connector 258, and a microphone (not shown) or othercommunication equipment allowing the diver or dive computer the abilityto communicate with a person or a communication device at the surface.

The communication cable 252 can include multiple conductors. Theseconductors can include serial communication conductors, power, andground. The number of and gauge of serial communication conductors canbe selected to support various physical layer protocols such as RS-232,RS-422, RS-485 or other suitable serial communication system protocols.In other embodiments, parallel communication can be used over aplurality of communication conductors. In a variety of embodiments, oneor more serial communication conductors are fiber optic cables. In avariety of embodiments, the multiple conductors carry parallel data.

In operation, the communication system allows the diver to recharge herdive computer, talk or exchange messages with people at the surface,download information, and/or minimize decompression stop time. Havingpower available on the communication cable 250 allows the diver torecharge her dive computer battery and provides a stable power source inthe event the dive computer battery is exhausted. This can prove usefulin emergency situations where the dive computer battery is dead and thediver needs to know how to execute her decompression stops.

The power can be supplied at a level appropriate to support the light,one or more dive computers, and communication from the dive computers tocommunication devices at the surface. The weight 256 ensures maximumdepth of the lower end of the communication cable when it is loweredinto the water. The light 254 provides a beacon for the diver to findthe communication cable in the event that she has not already connectedher dive computer to the communication cable. In a variety ofembodiments, the light 254 can be any number of colors suitable to getthe diver's attention in a dark underwater environment. In manyembodiments, the light 254 can be a flashing light to further attract adiver's attention to the communication cable. In other embodiments,other types of beacons can be used such as sonar or magnetic beacons. Ina variety of embodiments, the communication cable does not includepower. In such case, the light 254 can be powered by a battery.

The diver can also use the microphone, keyboard, or other input deviceattached to her dive computer to communicate with people via thecommunication device 250 at the surface. In the illustrated embodiment,the communication device at the surface is a computer. In this case, thecommunication can be achieved using two-way audio, text messages, orsome other communication method. Using the keyboard, microphone, orother input device, the diver can send details about her dive to peopleat the surface. In a variety of embodiments, the diver instructs thedive computer to send data concerning her recent dive (dive log) to thesurface. In this case, the information can be processed and analyzed atthe surface before the diver returns to the surface. In a variety ofembodiments, the diver discusses events or issues related to the divewith medical or dive support personnel at the surface. In this case, thediver can engage in the discussion using the two-way audio communicationor by exchanging text messages. Audio communication over thecommunication cable can be implemented either by transmission of theanalog audio or transmission of a digital representation of the audiousing methods known to one skilled in the art.

The computer at the surface can use the dive log information tocalculate the duration and depth of any required decompression stops. Inthis case, the surface computer can be more powerful or have moreinformation than the dive computer carried by the diver allowing it tomake a more precise calculation of the required decompression stops.This calculation by the surface computer can be relayed to the divecomputer below. In this way, the calculation made possible by thecommunication system can save the diver from waiting at decompressionstops for more time than necessary. Correspondingly, the surfacecalculation can ensure that the diver stays at her decompression stopsfor at least the required decompression time. In many embodiments, thedive computer can compute the duration and depth of any requireddecompression stops.

In a variety of embodiments, the dive computer downloads audio contentfrom the surface computer. In this way, the diver can listen to music,news or other audio content while underwater. More specifically, thediver can access this content while ascending or making a decompressionstop. In many embodiments, the dive computer downloads video content orreceives a video stream and/or audio stream from the surface computer.In this way the diver can watch a movie, television or other audiovisualcontent while underwater. More specifically, the diver can access thiscontent while ascending or making a decompression stop.

A flow chart illustrating a method of communication between a divecomputer and a communication device at the surface in accordance with anembodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 18. The process firststores (260) information indicative of the depth of submersion and thetime elapsed during submersion. Once such information is stored, theprocess sends (262) the information indicative of the depth ofsubmersion and the time elapsed during submersion to a communicationdevice via a cable including an underwater connector. Once theinformation is sent to the communication device, the process receives(264) information indicative of required decompression stops, where theinformation indicative of required decompression stops is calculated bythe communication device based on the information indicative of depth ofsubmersion and time elapsed during submersion.

A flow chart illustrating a method of communication for a dive computerin accordance with an embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 19.The process first measures (270) the depth of submersion and measures(272) the time elapsed during submersion. Once the values are measured,the process stores (274) information including the depth of submersionand the time elapsed during submersion. Once the values are stored, theprocess sends (276) a request for media content. Once the request issent, the process receives (278) media content. Once received, theprocess presents (280) the media content to a diver.

Another dive computer in accordance with an embodiment of the inventionis shown in FIG. 20. The dive computer 10.20 is similar to the divecomputer 10 shown in FIG. 1 with the exception that the dive computer10.20 includes a microphone 30, speaker 300, and telephone transceiversystem 302 that enable the dive computer to act as a telephone handset.In the illustrated embodiment, the microphone 30 and speaker 300 areconnected to the processor 12 via an I/O interface 20 and the telephonetransceiver system 302 is directly connected to the processor 12. Inother embodiments, other configurations of microphones, speakers,telephone transceiver systems, and processors are contemplated thatenable the dive computer to be used to make telephone calls via apredetermined telephone network. In a number of embodiments, the divecomputer communicates via a cell phone network such as a D-AMPS,CDMA2000 and/or a GSM network. In other embodiments, the dive computeris configured to communicate via a satellite telephone network and/ormake emergency calls via any of a number of different communicationtechnologies including a satellite telephone network. In severalembodiments, the emergency call includes a digital message containingthe device's current GPS coordinates. In many embodiments, the divecomputer acts as an emergency beacon broadcastings its GPS coordinateson an emergency channel. The circuitry of a dive computer in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention can be configured in a mannerappropriate to the network over which the dive computer can communicateand other circuitry incorporated into the dive computer to enableadditional functionality. Examples of such additional circuitry aredescribed above. In many embodiments, the dive computer includes akeypad enabling the transmission of text messages and emailcommunications from the dive computer via the telephone network. In anumber of embodiments, the dive computer includes a display and the divecomputer is configured to display digital information such as web pages,games, email and other digital information received via the telephonenetwork to which the dive computer can connect in addition toinformation typically associated with a dive computer. In severalembodiments, the information received via the telephone network can bestored on the dive computer. Examples of such information can includeaudio files containing music and multimedia files containing audiovisualpresentations.

A dive computer in accordance with embodiments of the invention can beimplemented using a standard mobile phone handset as the basic platform.Smart phones such as the 3G iPhone manufacture by Apple Inc. ofCupertino, Calif. include a microprocessor, an operating system, atelephone transceiver, a GPS receiver, an external connector, and theability to download applications to the mobile phone handset. When apressure transducer is connected to the smart phone, a softwareapplication installed on the smart phone can perform all of the basicfunctions of a dive computer. In addition, the software application cangenerate a dive log tying in information captured using the pressuretransducer with information captured by components of the mobile phonehandset, such as GPS coordinates acquired using the GPS receiver,accelerometer information for performing dead reckoning, images from acamera, and/or audio recordings. The data capabilities of the mobilephone handset also enable the software application to downloadinformation concerning the dive site and upload information capturedduring the dive, such as a dive log, to a remote server. The multimediacapabilities of the mobile handset also enable the dive computerassembly to act as a media player. During sustained decompression stops,the media player capabilities of the mobile phone handset can beutilized to view video or listen to audio while the dive computerapplication is executing in the background to monitor decompressiontime. In many embodiments, the dive computer application is configuredto interrupt the media player with alerts and/or to notify the diver ofthe completion of a decompression stop. In order for the mobile phonehandset to survive in an underwater environment, the mobile phonehandset and the pressure transducer are typically contained within awaterproof housing. Examples of suitable waterproof housings aredescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,396,769 to Polani, and U.S. PatentPublication 2007/0086273 to Polani et al., the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In many embodiments, acombination of external sensors and communication devices are connectedto the mobile phone handset including communication devices that enablewireless communication with other sensors. In a number of embodiments,information is collected from a pressure transducer connected to adiver's air tank and the information is used to perform airtimeremaining calculations.

Although the foregoing embodiments are disclosed as typical, it will beunderstood that additional variations, substitutions, and modificationscan be made to the system, as disclosed, without departing from thescope of the invention. For example, embodiments of the invention canhave GPS receivers adapted to be submerged in water that are notconnected to the processor. These embodiments log latitude, longitude,and time information using the GPS receiver and separately log depth andtime information using a dive computer. The latitude, longitude and timeinformation from the GPS receiver and the depth and time informationfrom the dive computer can be downloaded to the dive computer or anothercomputer and the methods described above can be used to determineposition. In addition, dive computers in accordance with the presentinvention can perform functions performed by conventional dive computerssuch as providing divers with information concerning decompressionlimits or the amount of air remaining in a tank, however, it is not alimitation of the invention that the dive computer perform thesefunctions or other functions typically associated with conventional divecomputers. Other functions can also be performed by the dive computerthat are not traditionally associated with dive computers such asfunctions normally attributed to personal digital assistants (PDAs) orother computing devices. In addition, dive computers in accordance withthe present invention can consist of a conventional dive computer and amicrophone and/or a digital camera and do not require the inclusion of aGPS receiver. Other embodiments of dive computers in accordance with thepresent invention can also combine several of the features describedabove such as a buoy including a GPS antenna, a compass, and animpeller. In a variety of embodiments, the dive computer has a lightpowered by a solar cell. In a similar embodiment, the dive computer hasbatteries that are recharged using a solar cell. In exemplaryembodiments, the intensity of the dive computer backlight can beadjusted by the diver. In a variety of embodiments, the audio warningcan be a high pitched chirping sound. In many embodiments, the audiowarning can be a constant high pitched sound. In a variety ofembodiments, the video warning can be a powerful repeating flash. In avariety of embodiments, the dive computer can be configured to operatein conjunction with online video and audio content providers. In avariety of embodiments, the dive computer can also include a receiverconfigured to receive emergency broadcasts. In several embodiments, theplayback of audio and video content or activation of the backlight canbe initiated using speech recognition and voice commands.

Uploading and Processing Dive Data

Once a dive log has been created using a dive computer, it is useful totransmit the dive log to a personal computer or server system in orderto manipulate, share, and archive the dive log. An illustration of adive computer configured to upload dive logs in accordance with anembodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 21. The system 2100includes a diver 2110 with a dive computer 2112. In several embodiments,the dive computer 2112 is configured to upload data to a personalcomputer 2120. In a variety of embodiments, the personal computer 2120is configured to upload dive data to the server system 2130. In a numberof embodiments, the dive computer 2112 is configured to upload data to aserver system 2130. In several embodiments, the dive computer can uploaddata directly to a personal computer 2120 and/or a server system 2130via a wired and/or wireless connection. In a number of embodiments, thedive computer 2112 can upload data via a network 2140.

Wireless connections include, but are not limited to, IEEE 802.11-basedwireless connections and Bluetooth connections; although any wirelessconnection can be utilized in accordance with a number of embodiments ofthe invention. A variety of networks such as, but not limited to, theInternet can be utilized in accordance with many embodiments of theinvention. The dive computer can utilize a variety of transportprotocols to upload dive logs in accordance with embodiments of theinvention, including, but not limited to, the Transmission ControlProtocol and the User Datagram Protocol. In several embodiments, divecomputers utilize one or more of a variety of application protocols toupload dive logs, including, but not limited to, the Hypertext TransferProtocol and the File Transfer Protocol. Transport protocols and/orapplication protocols not specifically listed here can be utilized inaccordance with the requirements of a variety of embodiments of theinvention. In a variety of embodiments, the dive computer is configuredto create a unique identifier for each dive log.

Dive computers, personal computers, and/or server systems are configuredto analyze dive logs in order to generate additional informationregarding the dive log, share dive information, and/or interact with thedive log. A process for processing dive logs in accordance with anembodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 22. The process 2200includes receiving (2210) one or more dive logs. Dive data is processed(2212). In a variety of embodiments, an activity map is generated(2214). In several embodiments, a dive profile is generated (2216). Inmany embodiments, data is shared (2218).

In a variety of embodiments, a received (2210) dive log is uploadedusing a system described above with respect to FIG. 21. In severalembodiments, the received (2210) dive log data is generated using a divecomputer. In many embodiments, the received (2210) dive log containsdive data related to one or more dives. Dive data contains a variety ofinformation, such as the location of the dive, the depth of the dive,images captured during the dive, video captured during the dive, divealarm data, tank pressure and tank specification information, tissueloading data, oxygen data, ascent rate data, and other dive relatedspecifications and other information related to the dive. Anyinformation captured before, during, or a dive can be included in thedive data in accordance with the requirements of specific embodiments ofthe invention. In several embodiments, the dive data includes a uniqueidentifier. In a number of embodiments, the dive data is in the DAN DL7format maintained by the Divers Alert Network of Durham, N.C., althoughany file format can be utilized in accordance with a variety ofembodiments of the invention. In many embodiments, the dive data isreceived (2210) via an Application Programming Interface (API) callprovided by a dive data processing system. In a number of embodiments, adive log processing system provides a web service for receiving (2210)dive data. A variety of techniques for receiving (2210) dive data can beutilized in accordance with the requirements of a variety of embodimentsof the invention including, but not limited to, a direct file transfervia a protocol such as the File Transfer Protocol.

In several embodiments, processing (2212) dive data includes aggregatingthe dive data. In many embodiments, processing (2212) dive data includescorrelating location information in the dive data with other data, suchas images, video, and depth information, with the location information.In a number of embodiments, processing (2212) dive data includesassociating dive data from multiple dives. In a variety of embodiments,at least one of the dives is a free dive. In several embodiments, atleast one of the dives is performed using a self-contained underwaterbreathing apparatus. In many embodiments, processing (2212) dive dataincludes modifying or adding additional data to the dive data. Inseveral embodiments, processing (2212) dive data includes synchronizingthe modified dive data across a variety of systems, including serversystems, dive computers, and personal computers.

In a number of embodiments, generating (2214) an activity map includesplotting dive site points contained in the processed (2212) dive data.In a variety of embodiments, the activity map is correlated with a mapof the dive site. In many embodiments, the map of the dive site is animage of the dive site. In a number of embodiments, the map of the divesite is generated using dive site data. A variety of dive site data canbe utilized to generate a map of the dive site in accordance withembodiments of the invention including, but not limited to, siteinformation stored in a database, dive data recorded tagged withlocation information associated with the dive site, and geographicalinformation taken from a mapping server system. In several embodiments,the dive site points contain links to the dive data and/or dive logassociated with the dive site point. In a variety of embodiments, thedive site points are GPS coordinates and/or other geolocationinformation. In many embodiments, the dive site points enable users toaccess dive data from other dives conducted at that dive site pointand/or aggregated dive information generated using dive data frommultiple dives at the dive site.

In several embodiments, dive profile are generated (2216) using the divedata. Generating (2216) dive profiles include generating a preview ofthe dive data including, but not limited to, dive alarm data, tankpressure and tank specification information, tissue loading data, oxygendata, ascent rate data, and other dive related specifications. Inseveral embodiments, generating (2216) the dive profile includes codingthe dive data to indicate various states or statistics of the dive. Forexample, if a dive is a decompression dive versus a non-decompressiondive, the dive profile can be generated (2216) in a variety of ways,such as, but not limited to, using different colors or text or withspecific decompression/non-decompression icons. Other statistics or diveparameters in the processed (2212) dive data can be generated (2216) inaccordance with the requirements of specific embodiments of theinvention. In many embodiments, portions of the generated (2216) diveprofile are associated with dive site points contained in the processed(2212) dive data. In several embodiments, a dive data processing systemis configured to display the processed (2212) dive data and/or thegenerated (2216) dive profiles. A number of techniques can be utilizedto display dive data and/or dive profiles, including, but not limitedto, web pages and applications running on a mobile phone or otherpersonal computer. Other techniques not specifically described can beutilized in accordance with the requirements of many embodiments of theinvention.

In a variety of embodiments, users can share (2218) the processed (2212)dive data. In many embodiments, sharing (2218) dive data includesposting the dive data to a social network such as the Facebook serviceprovided by Facebook, Inc. of Menlo Park, Calif., the Google+ serviceprovided by Google, Inc. of Mountain View, Calif., and the Divecloudservice provided by American Underwater Products, Inc. of San Leandro,Calif. In a number of embodiments, sharing (2218) dive data includestransmitting the dive data to a third party via email. Other sharingmethods can be utilized in accordance with the requirements of specificembodiments of the invention. In several embodiments, the shared (2218)dive data includes a dive profile, images, and/or video associated withthe dive data. In a number of embodiments, the shared (2218) dive dataincludes a dive site point. In a variety of embodiments, the shared(2218) dive data includes a dive log that can be processed (2212) by therecipient of the dive log.

In many embodiments, sharing (2218) data includes transmitting dive datafrom one dive computer to another, or from one to multiple devices suchas personal computers, telephones, and/or server systems. For example,divers can share (2218) dive data directly with other divers and a divemaster can share (2218) dive data (and automatically set the receivingcomputer) with multiple dive computers in a class setting. In manyembodiments, the shared data includes configuration information toconfigure the operation of a dive computer. In a variety of embodiments,configuration data includes information utilized to configure a divecomputer for an intended operation mode. A variety of operation modescan be utilized in accordance with the requirements of embodiments ofthe invention, including, but not limited to, simulated dives and divesemulating a remote location. In a number of embodiments, the shared(2218) is media. Media includes, but is not limited to, audio data,video data, text data; other types of media not specifically listed canbe utilized in accordance with the requirements of many embodiments ofthe invention. Data can be shared (2218) between dive computers in avariety of methods, including, but not limited to, via a network such asthe Internet, via a wireless or wired connection, such as an 802.11network, Bluetooth, or any other technology which enables a dataconnection between a dive computer and another device.

In a number of embodiments, relevant advertising is targeted (2220) tousers based upon diver behavior information determined using the divedata. Advertising can be targeted (2220) using a variety of informationcontained in a dive log, including, but not limited to, dive statisticssuch as max depth and dive length, the number of tanks of air usedduring one or more dives, and/or the mix of air used during the dives.For example, if a diver has dive data for 25 dives and each dive is 30ft or shallower, that user is not likely to be interested in rebreathersused in deeper dives. Likewise, a user who has dive data for 25 divesdeeper than 100 feet is likely to be interested in more advanced diveequipment. By targeting (2220) advertisements to information present inthe processed (2212) dive data, users are informed of products andservices relevant to their dive experience and interests.

A specific system for uploading data from a dive computer to a serversystem in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustratedin FIG. 21 and a specific process for processing dive logs in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 22. However,a variety of systems can be utilized to upload data from a dive computerand a variety of processes can be used to process dive logs notspecifically described above with respect to FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 can beutilized in accordance with embodiments of the invention.

Although the present invention has been described in certain specificaspects, many additional modifications and variations would be apparentto those skilled in the art. It is therefore to be understood that thepresent invention can be practiced otherwise than specifically describedwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.Thus, embodiments of the present invention should be considered in allrespects as illustrative and not restrictive. Accordingly, the scope ofthe invention should be determined not by the embodiments illustrated,but by the appended claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A dive computer, comprising: a microprocessor; memory configured to store a software application; clock circuitry configured to measure time and date data; a pressure transducer configured to determine depth information while the dive computer is underwater; a communications device configured to communicate with external devices, wherein the communications device comprises a radio frequency transmitter, a radio frequency receiver, and a radio frequency antenna; and a waterproof housing capable of being worn on the wrist of a diver and containing at least the microprocessor, the memory, the clock circuitry, and the communications device; wherein the software application directs the microprocessor to: calculate dive duration data describing the length of time in which the dive computer is underwater; create a dive log stored in memory, wherein the dive log comprises recorded information including depth of submersion information recorded from the pressure transducer, time and date data measured using the clock circuitry, and the dive duration data; and transmit the dive log using the radio frequency transmitter of the communications device.
 2. The dive computer of claim 1, further comprising: a keypad connected to the microprocessor; wherein the recorded information includes text data obtained using the keypad.
 3. The dive computer of claim 1, further comprising: a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver connected to the microprocessor; wherein the recorded information includes location information obtained using the GPS receiver.
 4. The dive computer of claim 1, further comprising: a sensor module connected to the microprocessor; wherein the recorded information includes sensor information obtained using the sensor module.
 5. The dive computer of claim 4, wherein the sensor information is selected from the group consisting of tank air pressure, water pressure, time elapsed, and temperature.
 6. The dive computer of claim 1, further comprising: a camera module connected to the microprocessor; wherein the recorded information includes images obtained using the camera module.
 7. The dive computer of claim 6, wherein the recorded information includes video obtained using the camera module.
 8. The dive computer of claim 1, further comprising: a microphone connected to the microprocessor; wherein the recorded information includes audio data obtained using the microphone.
 9. The dive computer of claim 1, further comprising: a compass connected to the microprocessor; wherein the recorded information includes heading information obtained using the compass.
 10. The dive computer of claim 1, wherein: the memory is configured to store information about a dive site; the dive site information is selected from the group consisting of marine life common to the dive site, points of interest in the dive site, and maps of the dive site; and the recorded information includes the dive site information.
 11. The dive computer of claim 1, further comprising: a flow measurement device connected to the microprocessor; wherein the recorded information includes speed information obtained using the flow measurement device.
 12. The dive computer of claim 1, wherein the communications device complies with the Bluetooth standard.
 13. The dive computer of claim 1, wherein the communications device comprises an infrared transceiver.
 14. The dive computer of claim 1, wherein the communications device communicates with external devices using at least a wireless communications protocol.
 15. The dive computer of claim 1, wherein the communications device further comprises a wired connection port.
 16. The dive computer of claim 1, wherein the dive computer further comprises a GPS receiver inside the waterproof housing.
 17. The dive computer of claim 16, wherein the software application further directs the processor to: record location information using the GPS receiver; and store the recorded location information in the dive log.
 18. The dive computer of claim 1, wherein the software application further directs the processor to receive configuration data via the radio frequency receiver.
 19. The dive computer of claim 18, wherein the configuration data is received from a server system.
 20. The dive computer of claim 18, wherein the configuration data is received from a telephone.
 21. The dive computer of claim 18, wherein the software application further directs the processor to store the configuration data in non-volatile memory.
 22. A method for creating a dive log, comprising: receiving configuration data from an external device using a radio frequency receiver of a dive computer, wherein the dive computer comprises: a microprocessor; memory configured to store a software application; clock circuitry configured to measure time and date data; a pressure transducer configured to determine depth information while the dive computer is underwater; a communications device configured to communicate with external devices, wherein the communications device comprises a radio frequency transmitter, the radio frequency receiver, and a radio frequency antenna; and a waterproof housing capable of being worn on the wrist of a diver and containing at least the microprocessor, the memory, the clock circuitry, and the communications device; calculating dive duration data describing the length of time in which a dive computer is underwater using the dive computer; creating a dive log stored in the memory using the dive computer, wherein the dive log comprises information recorded by the dive computer based upon the configuration information comprising depth of submersion information recorded from the pressure transducer, time and date data measured using the clock circuitry, and the dive duration data; and transmitting the dive log using the dive computer.
 23. A dive computer, comprising: a microprocessor; memory configured to store a software application; clock circuitry configured to measure time and date data; a pressure transducer configured to determine depth information while the dive computer is underwater; a communications device configured to communicate with external devices, wherein the communications device comprises a radio frequency transmitter, a radio frequency receiver, and a radio frequency antenna; and a waterproof housing capable of being worn on the wrist of a diver and containing at least the microprocessor, the memory, the clock circuitry, and the communications device; wherein the software application directs the microprocessor to: receive configuration data from an external device via the radio frequency receiver; configure the dive computer based on the received configuration data; calculate dive duration data describing the length of time in which the dive computer is underwater; create a dive log stored in memory, wherein the dive log comprises information recorded based on the configuration data comprising depth of submersion information recorded from the pressure transducer, time and date data measured using the clock circuitry, and the dive duration data; and transmit the dive log using the radio frequency transmitter of the communications device. 